1. Changing the file owner:

The chown command is used to change the owner of a file or directory. For example, to change the file owner test.txt the following command can be used on the john user:

$ chown john test.txt

2. Changing the owner and group of the file:

The chown command can be used to change the owner and group of a file or directory. For example, to change the file owner test.txt the following command can be used for the john user and the users group:

$ chown john:users test.txt

3. Change the owner and group for all files in the directory:

The chown command can be used to change the owner and group for all files in a directory. For example, to change the owner and group for all files in the test directory to the john user and the users group, you can use the following command:

$ chown -R john:users test/

1. View information about network interfaces:

Command: ip addr

Description: The ip addr command allows you to view information about network interfaces, including their IP addresses, subnet masks and status.

2. Adding an IP address to the network interface:

Command: ip addr add 192.168.1.1/24 dev eth0

Description: The ip addr add command allows you to add an IP address to a network interface. In this example, the IP address 192.168.1.1 with the subnet mask /24 is added to the eth0 interface.

3. Removing the IP address from the network interface:

Command: ip addr del 192.168.1.1/24 dev eth0

Description: The ip addr del command allows you to delete an IP address from a network interface. In this example, the IP address 192.168.1.1 with the subnet mask /24 is removed from the eth0 interface.