A unique proboscis nerve – a combination of the maxillary and facial nerves – lines each side of the appendage.
The nasal septum consists of small elastic muscles between the nostrils, which are divided by cartilage at the base.
The former are divided into dorsal, ventral, and lateral muscles, while the latter are divided into transverse and radiating muscles.
These paired muscles consist of two major types: superficial (surface) and internal.
This versatile appendage contains up to 150,000 separate muscle fascicles, with no bone and little fat.
The elongated and prehensile trunk, or proboscis, consists of both the nose and upper lip, which fuse in early fetal development.
Elephants are dichromats and they can see well in dim light but not in bright light.
The animal's field of vision is compromised by the location and limited mobility of the eyes.
